Does neck viewing angle affect spatial orientation in an HMD-based VE?

In this study, we examine subjects' spatial orientation in a head--mounted display (HMD) based virtual environment (VE) when objects are placed at different vertical viewing angles. More specifically, we examine spatial orientation when subjects memorize the location of objects on the ground, at eyelevel, and up in the air. Interestingly, we found that spatial orientation was the same across all conditions. This finding is important because it informs researchers who use similar spatial orientation tasks that variations in viewing neck angle to targets is not necessarily an issue.