Producción y caracterización del veneno de abejas en Chulucanas, Piura

espanolEste estudio describe la produccion y purificacion del veneno de las abejas en la zona norte del Peru mediante el analisis del contenido de particulas interferentes durante los meses posteriores al fenomeno de El Nino costero (FNC). Se evaluaron los cambios en las cantidades de proteinas de veneno producidos por colmena y su principal componente, la melitina. Se instalaron colmenas con abejas (n=60) Apis mellifera en el bosque seco de Chulucanas (Piura, Peru) y se extrajo el veneno por electroestimulacion. Se observaron las particulas interferentes por estereoscopia y se purifico el veneno por ultrafiltracion. El contenido proteico se midio por fluorometria y se caracterizo por cromatografia liquida. Se encontro que durante los meses posteriores al FNC los cristales de veneno tuvieron particulas interferentes en un 23,4 % del peso seco. Sin embargo, las particulas principalmente cera y propolis fueron disminuyendo con el transcurso de los meses (hasta 6 % del peso seco de veneno) sin alterar el contenido de melitina (42,6 % del contenido del veneno). Para el empleo de cristales de venenos puros y seguros, se conocio la permanencia de las particulas interferentes durante los meses posteriores al FNC. A pesar de existir un bajo rendimiento proteico durante los primeros meses, las caracteristicas fisicoquimicas de la melitina no se afectaron. EnglishThis study describes the production and purification of bee venom in the northern of Peru and the content of interfering particles was evaluated after the coastal El Nino phenomenon. Likewise, changes in the amounts of proteins produced by hive and its main component, melittin, were evaluated. Honeybee(Apis mellifera)hive (n=60) were installed in the dry forest of Chulucanas (Piura, Peru) and the venom was extracted by electrostimulation. Interfering particles were observed and was purified by ultrafiltration. The protein content was measured by fluorometry and characterized by liquid chromatography. We found that the crystals of bee venom had interfering particles in 23.4 % of the dry weight. However, the particles mainly wax and propolis were decreasing over the course of the months (up to 6 % of the dry weight of venom) without altering the content of melittin (42.6 % of the content of the bee venom). For the use of safe bee venom crystals, it was possible to know the interfering particles during the months after the costal El Nino phenomenom. Despite a low protein yield during the firstmonths, the physicochemical characteristics of melittin were not affected.