NONLINEAR BEAM-DYNAMICS CALCULATIONS WITH AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

Nonlinear beam-dynamics calculations are described that account for space-charge and image-charge effects. The calculation technique is explained and, as an illustration, is applied to two elements in an intense beam-combining funnel: an rf rebuncher and an rf deflector. For the case of the rebuncher, the calculations make use of the cylindrical symmetry of the device. For the deflector, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional calculations are performed. Emittance growth is analyzed for both the rebuncher and the deflector. For the rebuncher, a technique is proposed that considerably reduces the emittance growth.