An overview on the incorporation of graphene quantum dots on TiO 2 for enhanced performances

Despite the well-developed history of research on typical TiO2 semiconductors, the modification of their photon-to-electron catalytic performance by incorporating graphene quantum dots (GQDs) which possesses extraordinary properties such as tuned band gap, high mobility and excellent separation of charges, great absorption capacity in the visible light region, and high surface area is still in the primary stage. Since 2013, the investigations regarding the photodriven applications of the versatile GQDs/TiO2 heterojunction has been harvesting the emergent research interests considering the significantly enhanced performance in a range of environment-, energy-, and bio-related areas. The present review aims to provide detailed information about the recent developments in this emerging field and to provide a timely overview of potential applications of the star composite GQDs/TiO2. The recent information regarding the application of versatile GQDs/TiO2 composites as photocatalytic degradation, H2 generation via water splitting, solar cells, and sensors has been discussed. Recent reports suggested that the incorporation of GQD into the TiO2 noticeably increases the degradation efficiency, H2 production, power conversion efficiency of solar cells, as well as sensitivity and selectivity in sensors owing to the extended photon absorption, facilitated charge transfer, and quench electron–hole pair recombination. Besides, the advanced response of GQDs/TiO2 composite as a gas sensor can be ascribed to the enhanced ability to detect gas molecules under UV light illumination besides thermal sensing. Moreover, the common trend in the development of GQDs/TiO2 composites and insights into future perspectives have also been discussed.