Use of Scintillators to Study the Earth from Ground to the Radiation Belts

Scintillators are used in various fields of Earth and atmospheric sciences in order to study high-energy phenomena occurring from ground to the Earth radiation belts. In this chapter, we explore the different scientific domains where high-energy detection is unavoidable, from the study of Earth radioactivity or human nuclear activities to the measure of the particle environment around our planet, including the recent topics on atmospheric gamma-ray processes during thunderstorms.