Une affaire de marges L'anthropométrie au conseil de révision, France-Allemagne, 1880-1900
2016
In 1891, the German Otto Ammon contacted his colleague Rene Collignon, an army doctor based in Cherbourg, and the two men began an intense correspondence, eventually forming a network of several anthropometric specialists in Europe and the US. Measuring army recruits during the medical exams of recruitment boards was the focus of their scientific preoccupations. These exchanges led both to methodological questions and to a form of transnational sociability, far removed from academic structures, helping build the legitimacy of racism based on ‘large numbers’, supposedly objective. This period of crisis in anthropometrics, which pushed the researchers to the sidelines, was nevertheless a resource that is visible in a transnational perspective. Abstract: En 1891, l’anthropologue allemand Otto Ammon entra en contact avec son collegue Rene Collignon, medecin militaire a Cherbourg, et une correspondance intense s’instaura entre les deux hommes, au point de constituer un reseau reliant plusieurs anthropometres en Europe et aux Etats-Unis. La mensuration des recrues lors des examens devant les conseils de revision etait au centre de leurs preoccupations scientifiques. Ces echanges prient pour objet des questions methodologiques autant qu’ils developperent une sociabilite transnationale a l’ecart des structures academiques, contribuant a doter de legitimite un racisme par les « grands nombres » pretendument objectifs. Ce moment de crise de l’anthropometrie, qui a pousse les chercheurs vers les marges, leur a en meme temps servi de ressource qu’une perspective transnationale permet de rendre visible.
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