Managing roots, nitrogen and fungicides to improve yield and quality of wheat

3 1. Background and introduction 1.1. Root growth and distribution 4 1.2. Fungicide and nitrogen management 5 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Site details and general crop husbandry 8 2.2 Experimental design 2.2.1. Nitrogen x irrigation (NI) experiment 9 2.2.2. Fungicide experiments (F1 –F3) 9 2.3 Measurements 2.3.1. Nitrogen x irrigation (NI) experiment 11 2.3.2. Fungicide experiments (F1 –F3) 13 3. Results for nitrogen x irrigation (NI) experiment 3.1 Temporal development of the root and shoot 19 3.2 Effect of nitrogen on root and shoot growth 23 3.3 Effect of irrigation on root and shoot growth 25 3.4 Effects on grain yield and quality 29 4. Discussion of nitrogen x irrigation (NI) experiment 4.1 Temporal development of the root and shoot 30 4.2 Nitrogen fertilizer 30 4.3 Irrigation timing 31 4.4 Grain yield and quality 32 5. Results of fungicide (F1-F3) experiments 5.1. 2000/01 5.1.1. Experiment F1 5.1.1.1. Green leaf area and foliar disease 35 5.1.1.2. Nitrogen uptake and partitioning 35