Locating emitters using a cross-spectral cross-ambiguityfunction (CSCAF)
2012
We present two methods to accurately estimate the location of an emitter from the received signal. The first
of these methods is a variation of the standard cross-ambiguity function (CAF) for which we introduce a cross-
spectral frequency estimation technique to replace the conventional methods based on the power spectrum. We
demonstrate the use of the CSCAF in estimating the source location of an RF emission. The CSCAF is computed
as the product of the complex-valued CAF and the conjugate of the time-delayed CAF. The magnitude of the
CSCAF is the conventional CAF energy surface, and the argument of the CSCAF is the unquantized frequency
difference of arrival (FDOA) computed as the phase of the CAF differentiated with respect to time. The
advantage of the CSCAF is that it provides an extremely accurate estimate of FDOA. We demonstrate the use
of the CSCAF in providing emitter location estimates that are superior to those provided by the conventional
CAF. The second method presented provides a precision geolocation of the emitter from the signal received by
a single moving receiver. This method matches the Doppler characteristics of the received signal to the Doppler
characteristics estimated from the geometry of the transmitter and receiver. Both the CSCAF and the single
receiver methods are enabled by cross-spectral frequency estimation methods that provide extremely accurate
frequency estimation and tracking.
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