Parallel DNA Sequencing on Microfabricated Electrophoresis Chips

We report the fabrication and applications of a 16-channel capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) chip for parallel DNA sequencing. Samples are automatically loaded into sample reservoirs using an 8-tip pipetting device. Under computer control, high voltage is applied to the appropriate reservoirs in a programmed sequence that injects and separates the DNA samples. An integrated four-color confocal fluorescent detector automatically scans all 16 channels. The system routinely yields more than 450 bases in 15 min in all 16 channels In the best case using an automated base-calling program, 543 bases have been called at an accuracy of>99% and 608 bases at 98%. Separations, including automated chip loading and sample injection, are normally completed in less than 18 min.