A Study on Non-Revenue Water in Intermittent and Continuous Water Service in Hubli City, India

The Cities in developing countries generally have high levels of non-revenue water (NRW), which requires high attention. In parts of Hubli-Dharwad in India, a study was conducted to assess NRW in one of the intermittent water service (IWS) pilot area and also in newly constructed continuous water service (CWS) demonstration zone. The study revealed that the NRW in IWS is as high as 37%, whereas in CWS, it is limited to about 15%. The outcome of this study will be helpful in CWS scaling up projects in India and developing countries. Keywords: Intermittent water service, Continuous water service, Non-revenue water, Physical losses, Commercial losses