Insights on the modulatory role of Ayurveda-based herbal preparations on gut microbiome and neuroprotection

Abstract Ayurveda, one of the most recognized/widely practiced disciplines of alternative medicine in the world is considered the world’s oldest comprehensive healthcare system. The co-existence of gut microbiota (GM) and humans throughout the lifespan and constant crosstalk between the two have prompted researchers to elucidate the biology of host-microbe interactions and to understand the underlying mechanisms of the functions of the GM in order to modulate and exploit this approach to improve human health. Currently concerted efforts are directed at understanding the effects of Ayurveda-herbal formulations (AHF) on the GM and the role of such interactions on the modulation of human health in the realm of neuroprotection. This chapter provides a brief account of the implications of altered GM on brain health and enumerates the status of the modulatory potential of AHF on the GM and its role in alleviating neurodegenerative disorders (NDD).