The effects of modern therapies on noise pollution affecting hearing loss: challenges and novelty

Background: Human reactions to noise pollution can have detrimental consequences for physical and mental health. Increased infection in the workplace or the surrounding area can cause deafness and its disorders, tinnitus, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and sleep disorders. Changes in the immune system and birth defects have also been attributed to exposure to noise pollution. Adverse effects and cardiovascular complications due to constant exposure to noise pollution prevent human blood pressure from experiencing a regular cycle of increase and decrease around the clock. The most important sources of such pollution are cars, airplanes, long-term exposure to loud music, and industrial noise. In the European Union, more than 10,000 people die each year due to the effects of noise pollution. The level of noise pollution during the night causes the production and permanent increase of cortisol, which increases the risk of heart attack. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the results of research on the role of antioxidants and other protective agents against the destructive effects of free radicals on hearing loss and deafness. Methods: In this research, using the desired keywords in valid databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Medline), articles from 2016 to 2020 were performed and then this study was written by studying the selected articles. Results: The results showed that most of the pollution is caused by cars, airplanes, long-term exposure to loud music and industrial sounds, as well as protection and training methods, as well as the use of neurotrophic agents and antioxidants and cell therapy. Gene therapy is effective in treating deafness caused by infection. Conclusion: The most appropriate method in the treatment of noise pollution and deafness is the prevention of areas with high noise and the use of antioxidants.