Surgical Approaches to CCJ (Endoscopic Transnasal-Transoral-Transcervical and Robotic Transoral Approach)

This chapter is focused on the surgical approaches that are available for exposing lesions at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). To reach the CVJ is necessary to cross anatomical regions that are the domains of several surgical subspecialties (neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and plastic/craniofacial surgery).