Hydrothermal synthesis of metal nanoparticles using glycerol as a reducing agent

Abstract Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using supercritical water (SCW) as a reaction medium and glycerol as a reducing agent at 400 °C and 300 bar. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that silver, copper and nickel nitrates were reduced to zero-valent metal nanoparticles. On the other hand, cobalt, iron and manganese nitrates were partially reduced into low-valent metal oxides. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the reduced metals and metal oxides were smaller than the metal oxides formed without glycerol. The difference in reduction behavior of elements is explained using their reduction potentials. Glycerol proved to be an effective reducing agent for hydrothermal applications.