Digoxin, mortality, and cardiac hospitalizations in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation: An AF-CHF analysis.

BACKGROUND: Recent publications have raised serious concerns regarding the safety of digoxin for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the subgroup of patients with reduced ejection fraction and AF have been speculated to derive clinical benefit from digoxin. We aimed to assess the impact of digoxin on mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations in the Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) trial since all AF-CHF patients had an ejection fraction