Optimal PMU Placement in Smart Grid Including the Effects of Zero Injection Buses

When all the state variables in the power system are known, then the complete observability of the system can be achieved. Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is a device that provides information about the voltage and current phasor for the observability of the system in the future smart grid. The cost of PMU is very expensive. The purpose of this work is to place the PMU in optimal manner with complete observability of the system. The complete observability of the system can be improved by including the zero-injection buses (ZIBs). Conventional measurements (CMs) are also used to improve the observability and can reduce the number of PMU required for the system. In the proposed method, the ZIBs and CMs properties are considered. It is applied to test system such as IEEE 14 and 30 buses. To provide full observability under base case and the single PMU outage case is also studied.