The Genesis of the Oneida Series in Southern Ontario1

Particle size distribution, bulk density, organic matter, pH, exchangeable cations, and total chemical composition were determined for the genetic horizons of an Oneida clay loam—a Grey-Brown Podzolic soil developed from calcareous clay till Because the pale brown A21 horizon contained less sesquioxides than the grey A22 horizon below, the colour of the former was attributed to a higher organic matter content Carbonates had been removed completely from the solum, to a depth of 28 inches, although total chemical analysis showed that some weathering had taken place to a depth of 36 inches. On the basis of calculations of the losses and gains within each genetic hotizon, using the 0 25-1 0 millimetre sand fraction as the immobile constituent, it was concluded (1) that the entire solum suffered a net loss of 20 per cent by weight, (2) that iron, alumina, and silica were translocated from the A horizon to the B horizon, and (3) that only materials having a particle size less than 0 5 micron (fine clay) accumul...