Computational design strategy: an approach to enhancing the transdermal delivery of optimal capsaicin-loaded transinvasomes

AbstractThe aim of this study was to design and develop simultaneous optimal transinvasome formulations (OTV) to enhance the transdermal delivery of capsaicin. Using a central composite experimental design with duplicate centroids, 10 model formulations of transinvasomes (TVs) were demonstrated. The lipid compositions of the TV formulations were determined as formulation factors (Xn) and response variables (Yn), respectively. TV formulations containing a constant concentration of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, 0.15% capsaicin, and various percentages of d-limonene (X1) and cocamide diethanolamine (X2) were prepared. The physicochemical characteristics, e.g. the vesicle size, size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and skin permeability, of the TV formulations were experimentally investigated. The relationship among the formulation factor, the response variables, and the OTV was predicted using Design Expert® software. The accuracy and reliability of the OTV predicted using computer so...