20 Years in Cosmology

Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) solves a number of physical problems in contemporary Cosmology and Astrophysics through Dark Matter Particles (DMPs) and their interactions: Angular Momentum problem in birth and subsequent evolution of Galaxies and Extrasolar systems – how do they obtain it; Hubble Tension – disagreement in the values of Hubble’s constant obtained by various teams; Fermi Bubbles – two large structures in gamma-rays and X-rays above and below Galactic Centre; Coronal Heating problem in solar physics – temperature of Sun's corona exceeding that of photosphere by millions of degrees; Cores of Sun and Earth rotating faster than their surfaces; Diversity of Gravitationally-Rounded Objects in Solar system and their Internal Heat; Lightning Initiation problem – electric fields observed inside thunderstorms are not sufficient to initiate sparks; Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes – bursts of high energy X-rays and gamma rays emanating from the Earth. The Model solves Missing Baryon problem related to the fact that the observed amount of baryonic matter did not match theoretical predictions. WUM reveals Inter-Connectivity of Primary Cosmological Parameters and calculates their values, which are in good agreement with the latest results of their measurements. In 2013, Model predicted the values of the following Cosmological parameters: Gravitational, Hubble’s, Concentration of Intergalactic plasma, and the Minimum energy of photons, which were experimentally confirmed in 2015 – 2021. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 “The Discovery of a Supermassive Compact Object at the Centre of Our Galaxy" confirmed one of the most important predictions of WUM: "Macroobjects of the World have cores made up of the discussed DM particles. Other particles, including DM and baryonic matter, form shells surrounding the cores”. Hypersphere World-Universe Model is, in fact, a Paradigm Shift in Cosmology. According to WUM, Superclusters are the principal objects of the World. Macroobjects form from the top (Superclusters) down to Galaxies and Extrasolar systems in parallel around different Cores made up of different DMPs. Formation of galaxies and stars is not a process that concluded ages ago; instead, it is ongoing.