Time‐Resolved and Comprehensive Analysis of Surface Glycoproteins Reveals Distinct Responses of Monocytes and Macrophages to Bacterial Infection

Glycoproteins on the surface of immune cells play extremely important roles in response to pathogens. Yet, a systematic and time-resolved investigation of surface glycoproteins in the immune response process remains to be explored. Integrating selective enrichment of surface glycoproteins with multiplexed proteomics, we globally and site-specifically quantified the dynamics of cell-surface glycoproteins on THP-1 monocytes and macrophages in response to bacterial infection and during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. The time-resolved analysis reveals transient changes and differential remodeling of surface glycoproteins on both cell types, as well as potential upstream regulators and downstream effects of the regulated glycoproteins. Besides, we identified novel surface glycoproteins participating in the immune response such as APMAP. Furthermore, site-specific changes of surface glycoproteins were identified in response to the lipopolysaccharides challenge. This study provides unprecedented and valuable information to facilitate a better understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular immune responses.