Effects of different types of sensory signals on reaching performance in persons with chronic schizophrenia.

Previous studies have reported movement abnormalities in persons with schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine the differences between persons with chronic schizophrenia and healthy control participants in reaching movement and the effects of sensory signals on reaching performance in persons with chronic schizophrenia. A counter-balanced repeated-measures design was employed. Twenty persons with schizophrenia and 20 age- and gender-matched control participants were recruited in this study. Reaching performance was measured in three types of sensory signal conditions (visual, auditory, and no signal), i.e., two externally triggered and one self-initiated movement were assessed in reaction time/inter-response interval, movement time, peak velocity, percentage of time in which peak velocity occurred, and movement units. The results revealed significant main effects of group in reaction time/inter-response interval (p = 0.003), movement time (p 0.01) and across the three conditions (p > 0.01) were non-significant. Neither duration of illness nor antipsychotic dosage was significantly associated with reaching performance (all p > 0.01). In conclusion, these findings indicate that reaching movement in persons with chronic schizophrenia is slower, less forceful, and less coordinated compared to healthy control participants. In addition, persons with chronic schizophrenia also had shorter inter-response interval for self-initiated movement and shorter movement time in auditory signal condition, independent of duration of illness and antipsychotic dosage.