Utilidad del ácido acetil salicílico en la prevención de la preeclampsia

Introduction: aspirin is one of the most common drugs used in therapeutics. It is included in the list of essential medications of the World Health Organization, has been used by humans for 2400 years and was synthesized for the first time in 1853. Objective: to discuss its effects in the prevention of preeclampsia. Method: theoretical methods were used, as well as the analysis and interpretation of the available information on the use of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia. Development: acetylsalicylic acid is the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory par excellence. It is commonly used in the treatment of pain, inflammation or fever. Preeclampsia is a multi-organ disease characterized by the appearance of hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of the pregnancy; its prevalence is approximately 7.5% of pregnancies and it is an important cause of perinatal and maternal morbility and mortality. There are different interventions for the prevention of preeclampsia such as low-salt diet, diuretics, supplementation with calcium, antioxidants, aspirin or heparin. It has been proven that low doses of aspirin reduce the risk of developing this syndrome, in spite of the controversy about its effectiveness and the best moment of administration in pregnant women. Conclusions: the usefulness of aspirin in the prevention of preeclampsia in high-risk women is shown by several actions related with the factors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, and its efficacy has been demonstrated by numerous clinical trials conducted around the world.