Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by lactoferrin in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naïve children

Abstract Oral lactoferrin supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive children resulted in a skewing of T-lymphocytes towards more differentiated subpopulations. Phagocytosis ( P  = 0.01) and killing ( P  = 0.009), Toll-like receptor 2 expression ( P  = 0.01) and the interleukin-12/interleukin-10 ratio ( P  = 0.001) were also improved by lactoferrin. Lactoferrin supplementation results in immune modulation and could be useful in HIV infection.