Establishment of early-stage planted seedlings of a native woody species under a closed canopy of invasive Casuarina equisetifolia in the subtropical oceanic Ogasawara Islands

ABSTRACTExtirpation of invasive plants does not always result in successful restoration of native plant communities because it can alter ecosystem function or promote further incursion of other invasive plants. To test whether seedlings of native plants can become established without extirpating invasive plants, we evaluated the survival and growth of seedlings of a native tree species, Schima mertensiana, planted under closed forest dominated by an invasive species, Casuarina equisetifolia in the Ogasawara Islands, an oceanic archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean. The initial establishment of S. mertensiana is inhibited by the highly accumulated litter of C. equisetifolia; therefore, few seedlings and saplings of S. mertensiana were observed in the forest. We planted seedlings of three initial size classes, and their size parameters (diameter at ground level, height, and number of leaves) were monitored for 69 months. More than 75% of the planted seedlings survived during the study period. There were ...