Who Migrates in a Setting of Free Mobility? Assessing the Reason for Migration and Integration Patterns using Cross-national Register Data from Finland and Sweden
2020
Free mobility provides
greater diversity in migration motives and settlement intentions by opening up
migration as an opportunity to a wider range of individuals. This paper
identifies migration motives by using pre- and post-migration information
available in linked Finnish and Swedish register data covering the period
1988–2005. Finland and Sweden have been part of the Nordic common labour market
since 1954 allowing Nordic citizens to move without barriers. Results reveal
substantial diversity in temporary migration and labour market integration by
the reason for migration. Migrants who are classified as student migrants have
a high prevalence of return migration and circulation. Individuals classified
as labour migrants often return migrate, but they are less likely to circulate
than student and family migrants. Findings on economic integration show that
the majority of labour migrants enter employment within the first two years
after immigration. Student and family migrants enter the labour market in a
step-wise fashion, but student migrants’ income surpasses that of labour
migrants about five years after immigration. The results underscore that
focusing solely on one country provides only a partial understanding of the
dynamics underlying migration and integration.
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