Negative association between amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an important, though still relatively neglected, aspect of the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both the source of amyloid β protein (Aβ) in CAA, and its relationship to senile plaque (SP) Aβ, remain unclear. We have investigated the relationship between Aβ deposition in SP and CAA in four regions of brain from 69 patients with AD in order to gain insight into the pathogenetic mechanism(s) underlying these pathologies. CAA was present to some degree in all 69 patients, with the occipital cortex being affected more often and more severely than frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. By definition, SPs were present in all brain areas in all 69 patients, with greater uniformity of distribution than CAA, though the occipital cortex was less severely affected than the other brain regions. There was no significant (positive) correlation between CAA rating and that of SP for any one cortical region, but on combining data from all four regions there was a significant inverse correlation ( P =0.037) between CAA and SP ratings. Such data suggest that the cellular sources and mechanisms leading to Aβ deposition as SP or CAA are likely to differ and may proceed independently of each other.