Self‐consistent modeling of signal and noise in a three‐dimensional environment

Previous propagation work is extended to model surface noise, shipping, and signal sources in a fully three‐dimensional environment. The noise cross‐spectral density matrix for a vertical array is computed as the sum of a local contribution and propagation from distant small patches of ocean surface. Propagation from any point to the array is made efficient by precalculating and storing the local normal modes for every distinct path. The usual cylindrical coordinate system for the propagation calculation is obtained, and various sound sources are added at any location and are propagated to the array. For example, a storm is simulated by increasing the source strength of the appropriate patches of surface. Results demonstrate that the vertical directionality on the array reflects the range‐dependent environment.