Driven-dissipative three-level Dicke model

We investigate the three-level Dicke model, which describes a fundamental class of light-matter systems. We determine the phase diagram in the presence of dissipation, which we assume to derive from photon loss. Utilizing both analytical and numerical methods we characterize incommensurate time crystalline states in this phase diagram, as well as light-induced and light-enhanced superradiant states. As a primary application, we demonstrate that a shaken atom-cavity system is naturally approximated via a parametrically driven open three-level Dicke model.