HVAC Energy Savings and IEQ for Occupancy-Based Control by Side-by-Side Experimental Study
2021
Building sensing technologies have evolved rapidly in the last two
decades in aid of monitoring building environment and energy system performance.
A series of occupancy sensing systems were developed to track the occupant
behavior in the indoor space. Occupancy-based building system control is
defined as a control method that adjusts the building system operation schedules
and setpoints based on the measured occupant behavior and has been identified
as a smart building control strategy that can improve building energy
efficiency as well as occupant comfort. Some studies demonstrated energy-saving
potential and comfort-maintaining capability from occupancy-based control (OBC).
This study adopted a first-of-its-kind side-by-side experimental approach to
quantify the performance of the occupancy-based Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning
(HVAC) system control in commercial buildings. Three state-of-the-art occupancy
sensing technologies were integrated into the real-time HVAC system control in
this study. Their detection accuracy and its effectiveness
on energy-saving and thermal comfort were analyzed. It was found that the OBC
can maintain good thermal comfort and perceived indoor air quality with a satisfaction
ratio greater than 80%. Although the daily energy-saving by OBC varied with occupancy
sensor accuracy and outdoor environment conditions, the weekly averaged HVAC energy
saving was between 17-24%.
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