The electrochemical performance of super P carbon black in reversible Li/Na ion uptake
2017
Super P carbon black (SPCB) has been widely used as a conducting
additive in Li/Na ion batteries to improve the electronic conductivity.
However, there has not yet been a comprehensive study on its structure
and electrochemical properties for Li/Na ion uptake, though it is
important to characterize its contribution in any study of active
materials that uses this additive in non-negligible amounts. In this
article the structure of SPCB has been characterized and a comprehensive
study on the electrochemical Li/Na ion uptake capability and reaction
mechanisms are reported. SPCB exhibits a considerable lithiation capacity
(up to 310 mAh g –1 ) from the Li ion intercalation
in the graphite structure. Sodiation in SPCB undergoes two stages:
Na ion intercalation into the layers between the graphene sheets and
the Na plating in the pores between the nano-graphitic domains, and
a sodiation capacity up to 145 mAh g –1 has been achieved.
Moreover, the influence of the type and content of binders on the
lithiation and sodiation properties has been investigated. The cycling
stability is much enhanced with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC)
binder in the electrode and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in the
electrolyte; and a higher content of binder improves the Coulombic
efficiency during dis-/charge.
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