A review of evaporative cooling system concepts for engine thermal management in motor vehicles

Evaporative cooling system concepts proposed over the past century for engine thermal management in automotive applications are examined and critically reviewed. The purpose of the review is to establish evident system shortcomings and to identify remaining research questions that need to be addressed to enable this important technology to be adopted by vehicle manufacturers. Initially, the benefits of evaporative cooling systems are restated in terms of improved engine efficiency, reduced CO2 emissions, and improved fuel economy. An historical coverage follows of the proposed concepts dating back to 1918. Possible evaporative cooling concepts are then classified into four distinct classes and critically reviewed. This culminates in an assessment of the available evidence to establish the reasons why no system has yet made it to serial production. Then, by systematic examination of the critical areas in evaporative cooling systems for application to automotive engine cooling, remaining research challenges are identified.