Three ileus cases associated with the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients.

Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that increase incretin hormone levels to enhance blood sugar level‐dependent insulinotropic effects, suppress glucagon action, and reduce bowel motility. These incretin effects are ideal for blood sugar control. However, the safety profile of DPP‐4 inhibitors is not yet established. Herein, we present three cases of ileus, considered to be closely related to the use of DPP‐4 inhibitors, in diabetic patients. Each of the three patients exhibited some risk of a deficiency in bowel movement; the onset of ileus was within 40 days after strengthened inhibition of DPP‐4. The use of a DPP‐4 inhibitor could be safe, although the cases presented herein enable us to inform the scientific community to some of the potential adverse effects of the use of DPP‐4 inhibitors in select populations.