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Cytogenetics of Multiple Myeloma

2010 
Great studies of multiple myeloma (MM) strongly suggested that specific chromosomal changes are of prognostic significance in patients with MM 1 . We have performed cytogenetic analysis and recently fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on 43 cases of MM. Clonal chromosomal changes were present in 24 (56%) cases. Hyperdiploid karyotype was found in 12 (50%) cases, hypodiploid in 8 (33%) cases, and 4 (17%) cases had a pseudodiploid karyotype. The most common numerical abnormalities were gains of whole chromosomes 15, 11, 3 and 6. Whole chromosome losses were also frequent involving chromosomes X, 13, 14, and 8. Most cases showed also structural rearrangements 71 % (n=17): del(1p), dup(1q), del(5q), del(13q), del(17p) and t(11;14)(q13;q32) (n=4, 17%). Chromosome -13/13q deletion was found in 42% (n=10) cases; complete loss of 13 was observed in 67% (n = 7) cases, whereas 33% (n=3) had interstitial deletions. In the majority of the cases there was a mixture of abnormal and normal metaphases.
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