Efecto de la aplicación de biochar avícola sobre las propiedades químicas y microbiológicas de una suelo Haplustol típico con diferentes intensidades de uso

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different rates of poultry biochar on soil chemical and microbiological properties under a land-use intensity gradient. Three sites were selected: a pristine forest soil (SP), an agricultural soil under sustainable management (MS), and an agricultural soil under conventional tillage (LI). The biochar was applied at four different rates: without biochar (control 0%) and biochar at 1%, 3% y 10%. Poultry biochar increased pH, electrical conductivity (CE), total organic C (COT), and C/N ratio. In general, biochar applied at the highest rates increased the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate, suggesting an increase of total microbial activity. However, biochar applied at the highest rates significantly decreased dehydrogenase activity, mainly under MS and LI. Furthermore, an increase of actinobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi were observed in soils treated with the highest rate of biochar. In general, biochar tended to increase Gram-negative bacteria compared to control. Our study also showed an increase of total phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs) in SP and LI, indicating that biochar can increase total microbial biomass. For this reason, the application of biochar could be of greater utility in the remediation of soils with a high level of edaphic degradation.