Wide Band-Gap Bismuth-based p-Dopants for Opto-Electronic Applications.

Ten new efficient p-dopants for conductivity doping of organic semiconductors for OLEDs are identified. The key advantage of the electrophilic tris(carboxylato) bismuth(III) compounds is the unique low absorption of the resulting doped layers which promotes the efficiency of OLED devices. The combination of these features with their low fabrication cost, volatility, and stability, make these materials very attractive as dopants in organic electronics.