Transformation of Carbon-Rich Organic Components of a Domanik Rock in Sub- and Supercritical Aqueous Fluids
2021
The paper identifies major features that distinguish the transformation of
organic matter (OM) of rocks in the Semiluki (Domanik) deposits into solid,
liquid, and gaseous products when exposed to sub- and supercritical water under
various temperature and pressure conditions. To this end, a set of modern
instrumental methods were used, namely: Rock–Eval, elemental analysis, GC,
GC/MS, IR spectroscopy, XRD, and ICP-MS. The degradation of
high-molecular-weight bituminous components and the decomposition of kerogen
affect the yield of oil extracts from the rock and increase the proportion of
saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons in the extracts. In the molecular
composition of the extracts, an increase is observed in the concentrations of
light C11–C18
n-alkanes,
C11–C12
alkyltrimethylbenzenes, naphthalenes, and phenanthrenes. Structural changes in
asphaltenes are associated with an increase in their aromaticity and oxidation
level, as well as with structural transformations in the vanadyl-porphyrin
complexes. It was found that the oxidative degradation, desulfurization, and
hydrolysis of carbon-rich components of organic matter are more vigorous in
supercritical aqueous fluids than in subcritical water. In addition, a
supercritical aqueous fluid promotes structural and phase transformations of
rock minerals, in particular the isolation of a separate montmorillonite phase
from a mica structure.
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