Ligand-Free CuO Nanospindle Catalyzed Arylation of Heterocycle C―H Bonds

CuO nanospindles have been developed to efficiently catalyze the direct arylation of heterocycle C–H bonds with moderate to excellent yields. This reaction can be applied to heterocycles such as benzoxazole, benzothiazole, and 1-methylbenzimidazole in the presence of a more environmentally friendly inorganic base like K2CO3 under ligand-free catalytic conditions. In addition, the catalyst can be recycled and reused without any significant decrease in catalytic activity.