High-Quality Genome Assembly and Annotation of the California Harvester Ant Pogonomyrmex californicus (Buckley, 1867)

The harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex is endemic to arid and semiarid habitats and deserts of North and South America and California harvester ant Pogonomyrmex californicus is the most widely distributed Pogonomyrmex species in the North America. P. californicus colonies are usually monogynous, i.e. a colony has one queen. However, in a few populations in California, primary polygyny evolved, i.e. several queens cooperate in colony founding after their mating flights and continue to coexist in mature colonies. Here, we present high quality genome assembly and annotation of P. californicus. The size of the assembly is 241 Mb, which is in good agreement with previously estimated genome size and we were able to annotate 17,889 genes in total, including 15,688 protein-coding ones with BUSCO completeness at the 95% level. This high quality genome will pave the way for investigations of the genomic underpinnings of social polymorphism in queen number, regulation of aggression, and the evolution of adaptations to dry habitats in P. californicus.