Impact of Vitamin D on Calcium, Parathyroid Hormone and Lipid Profile Levels among Saudi-females with Type 2 Diabetes

Aim: Evaluation of vitamin D levels in Saudi female patients with type 2 diabetes and its effect on the levels of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and lipid profiles of these patients. Methodology: This study included 200 Saudi females with diabetes and 150 normal healthy females (non-diabetic). All of them were randomly selected based on study criteria and measurements were done in fasting blood samples. The amount of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (s-25 (OH) D), Ca, phosphorus, PTH, thyroid hormone, creatinine, albumin was estimated in the serum. The glycemic and lipid profiles were also assessed. Results: Severe vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/ml) was observed in 60% of the participants, while mild vitamin D deficiency (=25-50 nmol/ml) was observed in 30% of the participant. Insufficient vitamin D (=50-75 nmol/ml) was observed in 10% of the participants. Serum 25 (OH) D correlated negatively with FBG, HbA1c, phosphorus, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol. There was a positive significant correlation between serums 25 (OH) D, PTH, and Calcium. Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D, Ca and PTH levels was associated with impaired glucose metabolism and increased cardiovascular risk in type II diabetes.