Radiologic Techniques and Effectiveness of Angiography to Diagnose and Treat Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

The use of catheter-based techniques to treat upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage has evolved considerably over the past few decades. At present, the state-of-the-art interventional suites provide optimal imaging. Coupled with advanced catheter technology, the two may be used to manage and treat the patient with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. This article summarizes these techniques and, when possible, compares them with other methods such as surgery and endoscopy. The specific role of transcatheter embolotherapy is highlighted, alongside an additional discussion on pharmacologic infusion of vasopressin. Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Interventional radiology plays an active role in the management of patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. A thorough knowledge of the patients’ clinical history, surgical history, medications, and other medical conditions are essential to plan appropriate therapy. Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (nonvariceal) maybe categorized broadly as that arising from (1) direct hemorrhage from an artery and (2) from transpapillary hemorrhage. The former