Review of small-capacity single-stage continuous absorption systems operating on binary working fluids for cooling: Theoretical, experimental and commercial cycles

Abstract The global energy demand is increasing at alarming rates. Until 2040, most of this energy will still be coming from fossil fuels, which generate pollution and global warming, thereby increasing the need for cooling (higher energy demand) and creating a vicious circle. Absorption systems represent a possibility for contributing to the reduction of fossil fuels consumption and CO 2 emissions. These systems can run on renewable energies and heat waste; however, to date they possess high initial investment costs. The present review offers an up-to-date global overview of the small-capacity (≤ 50kW) single-stage continuous absorption systems operating on binary working fluids for cooling from the theoretical, experimental, and commercial points of view, with a special focus on the comparison of cycle performance between the different families of refrigerants and working pairs. The main objective is to provide information for a good understanding of the evolution of these systems over the past 40 years as well as the main advantages and disadvantages of using different working pairs.