Impact of kidney function and urinary protein excretion on intima-media thickness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background Carotid echo indexes [intima–media thickness (IMT)] are commonly used surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease; however, the impacts of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on changes in IMT are unclear. We examined associations between CKD and IMT in participants with and without type 2 diabetes through longitudinal analysis.