Prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y obesidad abdominal en población española entre 3 y 24 años. Estudio ENPE

espanolIntroduccion y objetivos El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la prevalencia de exceso de peso y obesidad abdominal (OA) con base en mediciones antropometricas individuales, segun diferentes criterios, en poblacion espanola entre 3 y 24 anos y analizar su distribucion segun la edad y el sexo. Metodos La muestra procede del estudio ENPE. Este analisis se refiere a poblacion entre 3 y 24 anos (n=1.601). Las mediciones antropometricas se realizaron en los domicilios por observadores entrenados segun protocolos internacionales estandarizados. Se definio el sobrepeso y la obesidad segun los criterios del International Obesity Task Force, la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud y Orbegozo 2011 y la OA segun el indice cintura-talla ≥ 0,5, criterios de Taylor y percentil 90 de Orbegozo 2011. Resultados La prevalencia de sobrecarga ponderal (sobrepeso+obesidad) supera el 30% con todos los criterios utilizados. Se estima la prevalencia de sobrepeso (International Obesity Task Force) en el 34,1% (IC95%, 31,8-36,4) y la obesidad en el 10,3% (IC95%, 8,9-11,9). La prevalencia de OA (indice cintura-talla ≥ 0,5) se estima del 31,2% (IC95%, 29,0-33,5) y coindicen los 3 criterios en el 20,9% (IC95%, 18,1-22,1) del colectivo. El 16% (IC95%, 13,8-17,8) tiene sobrecarga ponderal y OA concomitante. Conclusiones La prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y OA en la poblacion espanola entre 3 y 24 anos es alta, mayor en varones que en mujeres. Con diferentes criterios, la prevalencia de OA se aproxima al 30%. El 71,6% de los que se tipifican como obesos por los 3 criterios se clasifican tambien como OA por los diferentes puntos de corte. EnglishIntroduction and objectives The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of excess weight and abdominal obesity (AO), based on individual anthropometric measurements, according to various criteria in the Spanish population aged 3 to 24 years and to analyze their distribution by age and sex. Methods We analyzed data from the ENPE study. This analysis included the population aged 3 to 24 years (n=1601). Anthropometric measurements were taken in participants’ homes by trained observers following standardized international protocols. We defined overweight and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force, World Health Organization, and Orbegozo 2011 criteria, and AO according to a waist-to-height index ≥ 0.5, Taylor criteria, and the 90th percentile of Orbegozo 2011. Results The prevalence of excess weight (overweight+obesity) exceeded 30% with all the criteria used. The prevalence of overweight (International Obesity Task Force) was estimated at 34.1% (95%CI, 31.8-36.4) and obesity at 10.3% (95%CI, 8.9-11.9). The estimated prevalence of AO (waist-to-height index ≥ 0.5) was 31.2% (95%CI, 29.0-33.5), and 20.9% (95%CI, 18.1-22.1) satisfied all 3 criteria. A total of 16% (95%CI, 13.8-17.8) had excess weight and concomitant AO. Conclusions The prevalence of overweight, obesity and AO in the Spanish population aged 3 to 24 years old is high and is higher in men than in women. When distinct criteria were used, the prevalence of AO was approximately 30%. Among persons classified as obese by the 3 criteria, 71.6% were also classified as having AO according to distinct cutoffs.