Modelação da dinâmica da água e dos sais num Aluviossolo regado com águas de diferente qualidade: ensaio de validação do modelo HYDRUS-1D com observações em monólitos

HYDRUS-1D was used to analyze water flow and solute transport in three soil monoliths (1.2 m2 ? 1.0 m) that were irrigated during summer months with different quality waters. The soil monoliths were constructed on a Eutric Fluvisol in Alentejo, Portugal. EC of irrigation waters varied between 0.4 and 3.2 dS m-1 and SAR between 1 and 6 (meq L-1)0.5, maintaining a relation of Ca:Mg equal to 1:2. In the irrigation season, about 500 mm of irrigation water was applied. During the rest of the year, the soil monoliths were subjected to regular rainfall leaching. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HYDRUS-1D software package to predict water contents and fluxes, concentrations of individual ions (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), electrical conductivity of soil solution (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) indices under field conditions where salinisation may occur. These variables and indices were monitored from May 2001 to September 2004 at four depths (10, 30, 50, 70 cm) in all three soil monoliths. HYDRUS-1D has successfully described field measurements of overall salinity, individual soluble cations, as well as SAR and ESP with regression coefficients close to 1 and determination coefficients ranging from 0.985 to the water content to 0.797 to the soluble calcium simulation.