Defensive behaviours in innovation teams : An analysis how teams discuss it

Project team members and project leaders of innovation projects were interviewed about the possible presence of defensive behaviours within the team. Discussing defensive behaviour is not self-evident. While investigating defensive behaviour can be done validly by observation techniques, to talk about defensiveness often leads to socially desirable and therefor invalid information. However, applying discourse analysis reveals how intentions to discuss defensiveness leads itself to defensive behaviour. The study demonstrates that how individuals are using pauses, apply humour, make external attributions and devaluate the importance of defensiveness, provides a view that even meta-discussing defensiveness is very hard. The relevance of this finding is that defensive behaviours in teams, whose members are working on innovation projects, might be detrimental to the innovation goals, given that defensiveness may lead to risk avoidance. Controlled risk taking is crucial for innovative outcomes of such projects. The implication of these findings is the need to develop socially safe team climates in which team members can regulate feelings and emotions in such a way that defensive behaviours can be avoided or that the causes for defensiveness can be made discussable, in order to reduce the possibilities of innovations to fail.