Analysis of temperature effects on performance of interior permanent magnet machines

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and investigate the influence of temperature variation on the characteristics and performance of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines. The impact of temperature variation on the materials of IPM machines is discussed to show the sources of performance variation. The flux linkages and torque output capability variation as functions of the temperature of are analyzed and discussed. The paper also shows the influence of temperature variation on key IPM machines performance including constant torque curves, voltage limit ellipses, maximum torque per ampere and maximum torque per volt trajectories and torque-speed curves. The results and trends shown in this paper set a foundation for developing control algorithm which takes the temperature effects into consideration, especially in the applications where operating temperature varies significantly.