Determinants of surgical delay for hip fracture

Abstract Background and objective Recent guidelines recommend early surgical treatment of hip fractures in the elderly. The aim of the present study is to analyse the factors delaying surgical treatment of hip fractures in elderly patients by more than 2 days and to investigate whether these factors are consistent between a teaching and a community hospital. Methods Design : Retrospective cohort study using hospital discharge records and patients' charts. Setting : Orthopaedics and traumatology departments of a teaching hospital and a small town hospital in Northern Italy. Participants : 1768 consecutive patients aged 65 years or more who underwent surgery for hip fractures between 2004 and 2007. Interventions : Surgery for hip fracture. Main outcome measure(s) : Surgery within two days from admission. Results 938 (53.1%) patients were operated within 2 days of admission to the hospital. Logistic regression models were used to examine potential predictors of surgery delay including gender, age, hospital, comorbidity, type of intervention (partial or total hip replacement, reduction and internal fixation), International Normalized Ratio (INR), Haemoglobin (Hb), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, and day of admission (categorized as Monday to Wednesday, Thursday-Friday, Saturday-Sunday). Age, type of intervention (partial or total hip replacement), INR score > 1.5 and an ASA score of 4 compared to 1–2, admission on Thursday-Friday or Saturday-Sunday and the interaction hospital × arrhythmia significantly predicted a surgery delay of more than 2 days. Conclusions Both organization and medical problems accounted for delays of surgical treatment of hip fractures. Established protocols aimed to optimize the patient flow logistics and to manage comorbidities are crucial to make hospitals more patient-centred and to improve patient outcomes.