The research advances of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) are photosensitive cell besides rods and cones.These cells are crucial for circadian photoentrainment and pupillary light reflex.Some chronobiologists and ophthalmologists have focused on these ipRGC in recent years.However,little research has been done by Chinese scientists.Here we review the recent advances about biological features,physical functions and clinical applications of ipRGC. Key words: Opsin;  Photoreceptors ;  Retinal ganglion cells ;  Circadian rhythm;  Reflex,pupillary