Performance analysis of electromagnetic (EM) wave in sea water medium

In this work, the performance analysis of Electromagnetic (EM) waves in sea water medium was described. It is very challenge-able situation to communicate the EM waves in ocean or sea because of high path loss and low signal-to-noise ratio, high bit error rate. However, in this examination on employment of EM waves in sea water medium, some theoretical observations through mathematically and simulations tools were performed to meet practical specifications for analyzing the feasibility and applicability of EM waves in this high loss environment of sea water medium. In addition, total path loss (TL), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER) and Data rate channel capacity (DRC) parameters were also examined to understand applicability of EM wave at frequency range 4 GHz in sea water medium. In this work, transmission power is also a most important factor which helps to vary different required parameters. It was analyzed that transmission power also affects the propagation of EM wave in sea water medium. In addition, therefore, the impact of EM waves is less on marine life of ocean water medium as compared to acoustic waves and optical waves. Our results show that the 4 GHz frequency band has been analyzed for its suitability for small size sensor developments. After a detailed investigation a model for the performance analysis of the channel medium in terms of TL, SNR, BER and DRC was presented. Our research has shown that efficient communication between sensor nodes operating in the 4 GHz frequency band is theoretically possible for distances up to 2.6 m in underwater environment with total path loss 37.4761 db at 4 GHz band and system loss 70 db. The Values of SNR, BER, DRC are expected to be 0.0069, 0.4534, 0.3940 × 108 bits/s for distances up to 2.6 m in underwater environment with transmission power PT = 26 db m at 4 GHz frequency.