A method for ultrasonic manual testing and classification of test results for welds of ferritic steel with acoustic anisotropy

1988 
Angle‐beam ultrasonic testing has been applied to flaw detection in steel welds according to specifications based on the isotropy of the steel. However, certain types of rolled steel plates show an anisotropy that arises during the rolling processes necessary to satisfy the required mechanical qualities. In the angle‐beam ultrasonic testing of steel with some degree of anisotropy, a change in the refraction angle and a decrease in the echo amplitude are observed. Considering this fact, the Japanese Society for Nondestructive Inspection has made a new standard for the angle‐beam ultrasonic testing of welds of steel plates with anisotropy over 1.02 in shear wave velocity ratio. The following items are specified in the standard, which is mainly applied to welds of ocean structures and ships: (1) It is recommended that probes of a 60‐ or 65‐deg nominal refraction angle be used. (2) The estimation of the flaw location should be made by using the refraction angle measured in the test steel. (3) The sensitivity ...
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